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Source link: http://archive.mises.org/9096/what-credit-crunch/

What Credit Crunch?

December 12, 2008 by

Robert Murphy and Robert Higgs have said this for months, but Reuters is joining in to point out that, whoops

The credit crunch is not nearly as severe as the U.S. authorities appear to believe and public data actually suggest world credit markets are functioning remarkably well, a report released on Thursday says.

As a result, governments are pumping masses of public money into the economy across the world because of the difficulties of a few big, vocal banks and industries such as car manufacturing, which would be in difficulty anyway, according to the report published by Celent, a financial services consultancy.

{ 21 comments }

Michael December 12, 2008 at 9:52 am

What? No credit crunch – piano industry juxtapositions today, Mr. Tucker? ; )

Jeffrey Tucker December 12, 2008 at 9:55 am

Oh good point. add: nor has this affected the piano industry.

J Cortez December 12, 2008 at 10:09 am

Don’t expect CNBC or FOX Business to report this, as it is fact and reality, which is not their specialty.

Greg Ransom December 12, 2008 at 10:26 am

Who would have guessed. Insolvent, ponzi running firms are now suffering a credit crunch.

redshirt December 12, 2008 at 10:47 am

Weren’t folks pointing this out here for awhile… remember those links to the Feds own.

http://blog.mises.org/archives/008845.asp

http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=4062

The news media is almost useless nowadays.

Michael December 12, 2008 at 10:49 am

OK. I’ll be the first commenter to make today’s Orwellian reference: “Thoughtcrime does not entail death: thoughtcrime is death.”

redshirt December 12, 2008 at 10:56 am

oooh… missed that blue link on murphy

Inquisitor December 12, 2008 at 12:01 pm

Here missing a “t” in “the”.

Inquisitor December 12, 2008 at 12:02 pm

Wow, try to correct someone and then go make a mistake of your own… You’re*

Erik B December 12, 2008 at 12:25 pm

In fairness to fox business, they at least have a few people on the station against the bailout. Cody Willard on Happy Hour and Neil Cavuto were both adamantly opposed. I don’t recall ever seeing anyone on CNBC who was opposed to the bailout. (outside of the random guest they would not let talk once his opinion was known.)

And CNBC isn’t even in HD!

Oil Shock December 12, 2008 at 12:42 pm

Erik,

I get CNBC in HD. But I don’t get Fox business at all.

fundamentalist December 12, 2008 at 1:18 pm

To butcher the HL Mencken quote, the art of mainstream journalism is to keep the public alarmed so they will tune in. A crisis is alarming, whether it’s true or not. A non-crisis isn’t. Don’t be fooled into thinking the media reports facts and truth. It doesn’t. It couldn’t care less about truth. It’s a daily horror show designed to frighten as many people as it can as long as possible. That’s how it increases ad revenue.

Michael December 12, 2008 at 1:20 pm

Erik,

And I think by “bailout”, you mean “rescue”? lol

Actually, I noticed that different media outlets are using different monikers for “institutionalized theft”. I recently observed -
CNN: “rescue”
Fox News: “bailout”
MSNBC: “rescue”

Interesting, if anything else.

Bruce Koerber December 12, 2008 at 2:09 pm

December 12, 2008
DOMESTIC ENEMIES Bypass Congress!

Could it be that they are unaware?!!!

Or could it be one of their famous ‘weapons of mass destruction’ schemes?

Their ability to convince the public to go to war in Iran or anywhere else on earth has lost all political viability.

So what are they going to do to justify printing up money at these phenomenal rates? Rates that are necessary to cause the dollar to lose its value so they can repay their exponential debt with a depreciated currency during a corrective period when prices are adjusting downward?

Fabricate a domestic crisis and promote cronyism at the same time. That as good as satisfying the military complex by invading Iraq and then getting access to the Iraqi oil fields as a bonus.

Reason December 12, 2008 at 3:27 pm

Redshirt,
The paper you linked at the Minneapolis Fed:
“Working Paper 666″

Mark December 13, 2008 at 2:30 am

Barron’s magazine has been front and center in the media-Wall Street campaign to “recapitalize” every crap shooter with big connections and stupendous losses: failing banks, brokers, insurance companies, car manufacurers, house speculators, mortgage brokers, municipalities, ad nauseum. In the early days of the bailout campaign, they ran huge cover page articles brazenly promoting unrestrained inflating and looting, while soberly warning readers that resistance would usher in Armaggedon. A recent lead article was headlined “Spend Baby Spend”–a hip reference to the “virtue” of throwing away other people’s money (a venerated Wall Street tradition) for a really good cause: higher stock prices.

Years ago, the magazine was an admirable and independent defender of capitalism. Sadly, those days are gone forever.

George December 14, 2008 at 9:04 am

I’m still hearing ads which include financing terms so credit must be still available. And I’m still getting phone calls with offers including financing (or just refinancing). We’re not even close to unavailable credit yet.

Jim December 14, 2008 at 11:09 am

First let me say that I am just learning about economics. I’m posting this article for perspective.
We Forgot Everything Keynes Taught Us

By Robert Skidelsky
Sunday, October 19, 2008; B03

No one can complain of a shortage of information about the Great Financial Meltdown. The biggest growth industry today is words: A whole new vocabulary has spread from board tables to kitchen tables. Superannuated whiz kids planting cabbages to offset their newly straitened means can blame their troubles on collateralized debt obligations, special investment vehicles, credit default swaps. Subprime mortgage holders find themselves censured for a new and virulent disease called toxic debt.

But what is in even shorter supply than credit is an economic theory to explain why this financial tsunami occurred, and what its consequences might be. Over the past 30 years, economists have devoted great intellectual energy to proving that such disasters cannot happen. The market system accurately prices all trades at each moment in time. Greed, ignorance, euphoria, panic, herd behavior, predation, financial skulduggery and politics — the forces that drive boom-bust cycles — only exist offstage in their models.

The Great Financial Meltdown would not have surprised the British economist John Maynard Keynes, who died in 1946, for he thought that this was exactly how unregulated markets would behave. The New Economics, as Keynesian economics was known in the United States until it became the Obsolete Economics, was designed to prevent such turbulence. It held that governments should vary taxes and spending to offset any tendency for inflation to rise or output to fall.

The New Economics generated its own problems, causing it to collapse into stagflation in the 1970s. But for most Americans and Europeans, the years from 1950 to 1975 were a golden age. The developed world grew at an average annual rate of 3.2 percent with very moderate inflation, and without the benefit of the huge rewards now deemed necessary to keep executives properly incentivized. Above all, growth was stable. The business cycle was severely dampened.

Keynes first became convinced of the instability of unregulated economies in the boom years of the “Roaring ’20s.” In many ways, the 1920s were like the last 15 years in their technological dynamism, the extravagant lifestyles of the very rich and in their “irrational exuberance.” But they were especially like the recent past in their belief that prosperity would continue without interruption.

The magical formula for success was supposed to be the new “science” of monetary management. From the fact that depressions were associated with falling prices and booms with rising prices, the economist Irving Fisher concluded that economic cycles could be eliminated by keeping prices stable. Under his influence, the Federal Reserve Board set itself the goal of price stability. And the price level did stay remarkably stable for most of the 1920s.

Fisher’s views were discredited by the stock market crash of 1929, but his doctrines were revived by Milton Friedman in the 1970s. Plagued by inflation, governments around the world took up Friedman’s monetarism, which maintained that inflation was due to governments’ printing too much money. Central banks were made independent (the Fed already was) and were given the single task of keeping prices stable. Moreover, financial innovation in increasingly deregulated markets was said to make investment less and less risky. The formula seemed to work. Not only did inflation stay low — not once did it exceed 4 percent between 1991 and 2006 — with very little price volatility from the 1990s onward, but the U.S. economy showed strong, though not particularly steady, growth of 3.22 percent on average. Once again, perpetual prosperity beckoned.

So what went wrong?

What was wrong was the theory. The price level is not a leading, but a lagging, indicator. Asset bubbles can coexist with a stable price level, even while the rest of the economy is starting to slide into depression. And this, in essence, is what Keynes believed was happening in the late 1920s. Money, he argued, was being switched from production to speculation. The rich were getting very much richer, while the incomes of the rest were stagnating. “Profit inflation,” fueled by collateralized debt, went together with an “income deflation.” Share prices were being driven up to dizzying heights even as farmers were finding it harder to service agricultural mortgages. Every financial crash is different in detail — today’s started in the banking system, not the stock market — but the anatomy of all is surprisingly similar: A speculative frenzy, triggered by some technical innovation such as mortgage-backed securities, that collapses when reality — in the form of more sober valuations — kicks in.

No one has bettered Keynes in his understanding of the psychology of financial markets. “Most . . . of our decisions to do something positive . . . can only be taken as a result of animal spirits . . . If animal spirits are dimmed . . . enterprise will fade and die” is one famous remark. “Speculators may do no harm as bubbles on a steady stream of enterprise. But the position is serious when enterprise becomes the bubble on a whirlpool of speculation. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done” is another. Professional investment, he wrote, is like “a game of Snap, of Old Maid, of Musical Chairs,” whose object is to pass on the Old Maid — the toxic debt — to one’s neighbor before the music stops. What makes the game toxic is not greed, which is universal, but uncertainty masquerading as certainty.

“The outstanding fact is the extreme precariousness of the basis of knowledge on which our estimates of prospective yield have to be made,” Keynes wrote in his great book “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money” in 1936. We disguise this uncertainty from ourselves by assuming that the future will be like the past, that existing opinion correctly sums up future prospects, and by copying what everyone else is doing. But any view of the future based on “so flimsy a foundation” is liable to “sudden and violent changes. The practice of calmness and immobility, of certainty and security suddenly breaks down. New fears and hopes will, without warning, take charge of human conduct . . . the market will be subject to waves of optimistic and pessimistic sentiment, which are unreasoning yet in a sense legitimate where no solid basis exists for a reasonable calculation.” Keynes accused economics of being itself “one of these pretty, polite techniques which tries to deal with the present by abstracting from the fact that we know very little about the future.”

One must bear in mind that Keynes’s aphorisms, which seem so apposite today, were for years dismissed with a pitying smile as the product of a primitive state of economic thinking that had been rendered obsolete by powerful desktop computers and Ph.D. math unavailable to economists of Keynes’s generation.

The second strand of Keynes’s economics was formed by the depressed 1930s, rather than the booming ’20s. His main insight was that a wounded economy would not simply bounce back but might take years to recover. In his language, it might remain a long time in a state of “underemployment equilibrium,” from which it could be rescued only by a massive external shock. As we know, this proved to be the case. It was not the New Deal that brought the U.S. economy back to full employment, but the huge increase in government spending caused by World War II.

The long Japanese stagnation of the 1990s is another example of how long it can take for toxic debt to work itself off the balance sheet of banks, and how relatively powerless governments are to produce recovery in the face of flight into cash. This may or may not be our fate today. We all hope that the new Nobel laureate Paul Krugman is right that the rescue operations taken in the past couple of weeks may be enough to stem the financial crisis. But the wreckage may be with us for a long time to come.

Of course the problem of what a government can or should do to prevent or mitigate these financial storms is not disposed of by pointing out that economies don’t behave in the way economists claim that they do. Keynesians want to create financial corridors to limit “the flight of the butterfly,” in Paul Davidson’s graphic phrase. Free-marketers argue that the cost of periodic crashes and massive rescue operations is worth paying to preserve freedom of capital movements and technological dynamism. Today, as the costs of the bailout mount up, this argument is heard much less.

We know now that we know very little. But Keynes’s insights should not be tossed away as old garbage. At the very least we can say that we have no warrant for basing economics on assumptions that are so often discredited by events. Suitable perhaps for professors and students, such economics are likely to be especially toxic for policymakers.

Robert Skidelsky is the author of “John Maynard Keynes: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman.”

Question :Why is this not correct ?

Vanmind December 14, 2008 at 7:30 pm

Jim, it is not correct because Keynes was not correct. If that seems flip, I’ll leave it to the qualified people associated with the Mises Institute to elucidate (I myself am little more than an amateur).

Here’s one thing you can do for yourself: grab a copy of Hazlitt’s “The Failure Of The ‘New Economics’” He pretty much ripped apart what Keynes pretended to understand about economics.

Vanmind December 14, 2008 at 7:48 pm

Jim, as an addendum I can’t resist countering something in that Skidelsky guy’s inept piece…

Free markets have nothing to do with accepting “…the cost of periodic crashes and massive rescue operations.” That’s socialist to the core, in that socialist policies created the crashes for which politicians claim only socialist rescues can help.

Put another way: before modern central banks, the worst economic downturns — which were small compared to the downturns of recent decades — were called “depressions.” Today, those kinds of downturns have been relabeled (relabeling is what socialists do best) as “minor recessions” while the doozies that central banks create over & over are now the “large recessions” and “depressions.” Hell, “stagflation” was probably considered an impossibility — like supersonic travel — until Yeager smashed some windows in the desert and Nixon smashed the last remnants of any window between fiat currency and sound money (mind you: Keynesians probably think — mistakenly — that broken windows are good for economies).

btw: the “Great Depression” was called such because it was unprecedented in that nothing of the sort could have happened before modern central bank socialism. Keynes was the (mostly) after-the-fact mouthpiece for the central bankers’ swindle.

fundamentalist December 14, 2008 at 8:42 pm

Jim, The article by Skidelsky is so chocked full of error it’s hard to know where to start. I’ll just take on a few comments below. My comments may seem harsh, but I don’t intend them to be. I’m just trying to be brief and that comes out as harsh some times.

However, it seems strange to me to reverence a man who did not see the depression coming and who wrote about it seven years after it started, rather than the economists such as Mises and Hayek who predicted it a few years before it happened. It seems to me that those who predicted it would understand it better.

Skidelsky: “But what is in even shorter supply than credit is an economic theory to explain why this financial tsunami occurred, and what its consequences might be.”

That’s true of mainstream econ, not Austrian economists.

Skidelsky: “Over the past 30 years, economists have devoted great intellectual energy to proving that such disasters cannot happen.”

That’s simply not true. I earned my masters degree in econ in 1991 and I can tell you for a fact that Keynes has not been forgotten, or his influence diminished. From Paul Krugman to Robert Reich, every mainstream economist and every politician is channeling Keynes today.

Skidelsky: “The market system accurately prices all trades at each moment in time.”

That is sort of true with mainstream econ and its efficient market theory. It’s not true of Austrian econ.

Skidelsky: “Greed, ignorance, euphoria, panic, herd behavior, predation, financial skulduggery and politics — the forces that drive boom-bust cycles — only exist offstage in their models.”

Again, not true. In the first place, those forces do not drive boom-bust cycles. Not even mainstream econ thinks that. The standard line in all mainstream economics is that the market is highly unstable and needs the state to keep it in line. The only people who have defended the market in the last 60 years have been the minority Austrian economists.

Skidelsky: “Asset bubbles can coexist with a stable price level, even while the rest of the economy is starting to slide into depression. And this, in essence, is what Keynes believed was happening in the late 1920s. Money, he argued, was being switched from production to speculation.”

Keynes had no new insights on the market. Long before him Austrians recognized that money newly created by the Federal Reserve would find its way into the stock market via speculation. Mises wrote about the exact same thing happening in Germany during the hyperinflation of the 1920′s. What Keynes didn’t understand was why it happened. He saw no problems with the creation of new money by banks and was totally mystified by the consequences. Mises and Hayek fought against Wicksell’s proposals of price stability. They recognized that monetary inflation (creating piles of new money out of thin air) would cause disasters even if prices remained stable because high rates of productivity growth will cause prices to remain low when monetary inflation should cause them to rise. Keynes never understood any of that.

Skidelsky: “No one has bettered Keynes in his understanding of the psychology of financial markets. Most . . . of our decisions to do something positive . . . can only be taken as a result of animal spirits . . . If animal spirits are dimmed . . . enterprise will fade and die” is one famous remark.”

Keynes was as worse psychiatrist than he was an economist. Even today, it’s popular to refer to businessmen who fail as being irrational because of greed. But someone has said that blaming financial crises on irrationality or greed is like blaming airplane crashes on gravity. Someone needs to explain why businessmen who are rational and prudent in normal times suddenly turn crazy. The truth is that most of the top executives in business are smarter than most economists. But loose monetary policies encourage greater risk-taking. Then, the loose monetary policy distorts prices and makes rational decision-making almost impossible. In other words, businessmen fail because the Feds rig the game against them, then blame them for failing.

Skidelsky: “We disguise this uncertainty from ourselves by assuming that the future will be like the past, that existing opinion correctly sums up future prospects, and by copying what everyone else is doing. But any view of the future based on “so flimsy a foundation” is liable to “sudden and violent changes. The practice of calmness and immobility, of certainty and security suddenly breaks down.”

That’s another straw man by Skidelsky. Almost no one, not even Keynesian economists think that way. But he does sum up Keynes’s business cycle reasoning pretty well—stuff happens.

Skidelsky: “His main insight was that a wounded economy would not simply bounce back but might take years to recover. In his language, it might remain a long time in a state of “underemployment equilibrium,” from which it could be rescued only by a massive external shock.”

That’s a good summary of mainstream economics. Instead of forgetting Keynes, mainstream econ venerates him and invokes him name daily. But Keynes was wrong. He had studied very little economics and did not know much about it. Had he studied just a little, he would have seen similar crises throughout history in which the economy recovered on its own every time without any kind of shock. Keynes’s prescription was wrong because he didn’t understand what had caused the depression in the first place. Mises and Hayek understood.

Skidelsky: “As we know, this proved to be the case. It was not the New Deal that brought the U.S. economy back to full employment, but the huge increase in government spending caused by World War II.”

As many economists have tried to tell people, WWII did not rescue the US from the depression. As soon as the war ended the US went right back into depression. All the war did was draft all of the unemployed young men and increase federal spending. The private sector continued to shrink. If WWII really rescued the US from the depression, then all we need to do today is draft all of the unemployed, shoot about a fourth of them, then build thousands of ships and airplanes, sink the ships in the ocean and shoot down the aircraft. We don’t need to start a war. For the period in which we built the new ships and planes the economic data would look great, but can you say we would be wealthier afterwards?

Skidelsky: “The long Japanese stagnation of the 1990s is another example of how long it can take for toxic debt to work itself off the balance sheet of banks, and how relatively powerless governments are to produce recovery in the face of flight into cash.”

It’s really strange that Skidelsky would bring up Japan because its economic policies in that period made them the poster child for Keynesian economics. The Japanese followed Keynes’s ideas with a vengeance and ended up with a dead economy and the state in tremendous debt.

Skidelsky: “Free-marketers argue that the cost of periodic crashes and massive rescue operations is worth paying to preserve freedom of capital movements and technological dynamism.”

Another straw man. Journalists, politicians and mainstream, Keynesian, economists might make such silly statements, but Austrian economists don’t. The periodic crashes are caused by the massive rescue operations. If the state would quit trying to rescue the market, which needs no rescue, in other words leave us alone (laissez-nous faire), the booms that cause the busts would virtually stop. Mainstream econ, like Keynes, teaches that the booms are normal and the busts are just part of the instability of markets. The economy won’t recover without state help. Austrians take just the opposite position. Markets are naturally stable and become unstable only because of state intervention.

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