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	<title>Comments on: Cicero on Justice, Law and Liberty</title>
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	<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/</link>
	<description>Proceeding Ever More Boldly Against Evil</description>
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		<title>By: INSTITUTO DE DERECHO ROMANO</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-796912</link>
		<dc:creator>INSTITUTO DE DERECHO ROMANO</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2011 16:00:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-796912</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;EL RESPETO A LA PALABRA DADA Y LA BUENA FE EN LOS CONTRATOS. En la antigua Roma y en el derecho actual&quot;. Tema de la conferencia que pronunciarán el Dr. Alfredo Di Pietro y el Dr. Bernardo Nespral en el Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal (Argentina). 
Día: Jueves 8 de septiembre de 2011, a las 18 hs.
Lugar: Salón Humberto Podetti. Av. Corrientes 1455, piso 2°, Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Informes e inscripción: (54-11) 4379-8700, int. 452/3/4
Email: infoacademicas@cpacf.org.ar
----------------------------------------------
NOTA: El Dr. Bernardo Nespral es el Director fundador del Instituto de Derecho Romano, Director Académico de la Diplomatura de Derecho Romano Público y Privado y miembro del Comité Académico de la Escuela de Posgardo del Colegio Público de Abogados (Argentina). Es autor del libro &quot;El derecho romano en el siglo XXI&quot; (Ediciones Jurídicas Cuyo).]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;EL RESPETO A LA PALABRA DADA Y LA BUENA FE EN LOS CONTRATOS. En la antigua Roma y en el derecho actual&#8221;. Tema de la conferencia que pronunciarán el Dr. Alfredo Di Pietro y el Dr. Bernardo Nespral en el Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal (Argentina).<br />
Día: Jueves 8 de septiembre de 2011, a las 18 hs.<br />
Lugar: Salón Humberto Podetti. Av. Corrientes 1455, piso 2°, Ciudad de Buenos Aires<br />
Informes e inscripción: (54-11) 4379-8700, int. 452/3/4<br />
Email: <a href="mailto:infoacademicas@cpacf.org.ar">infoacademicas@cpacf.org.ar</a><br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
NOTA: El Dr. Bernardo Nespral es el Director fundador del Instituto de Derecho Romano, Director Académico de la Diplomatura de Derecho Romano Público y Privado y miembro del Comité Académico de la Escuela de Posgardo del Colegio Público de Abogados (Argentina). Es autor del libro &#8220;El derecho romano en el siglo XXI&#8221; (Ediciones Jurídicas Cuyo).</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Jim Baxter</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134768</link>
		<dc:creator>Jim Baxter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jan 2008 18:31:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134768</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[  The  way we define &#039;human&#039; determines our view of self,
  others, relationships, institutions, life, and future. Many 
  problems in human experience are the result of false  
  and inaccurate definitions of humankind premised 
  in man-made religions and humanistic philosophies.

  Human knowledge is a fraction of the whole universe. 
  The balance is a vast void of human ignorance. Human 
  reason cannot fully function in such a void; thus, the 
  intellect can rise no higher than the criteria by which it 
  perceives and measures values.

  Humanism makes man his own standard of measure. 
  However, as with all measuring systems, a standard 
  must be greater than the value measured. Based on 
  preponderant ignorance and an egocentric carnal 
  nature, humanism demotes reason to the simpleton 
  task of excuse-making in behalf of the rule of appe-
  tites, desires, feelings, emotions, and glands.

  Because man, hobbled in an ego-centric predicament, 
  cannot invent criteria greater than himself, the humanist 
  lacks a predictive capability. Without instinct or trans-
  cendent criteria, humanism cannot evaluate options with 
  foresight and vision for progression and survival. Lack-
  ing foresight, man is blind to potential consequence and 
  is unwittingly committed to mediocrity, collectivism, 
  averages, and regression - and worse. Humanism is an 
  unworthy worship.

  The void of human ignorance can easily be filled with 
  a functional faith while not-so-patiently awaiting the 
  foot-dragging growth of human knowledge and behav-
  ior. Faith, initiated by the Creator and revealed and 
  validated in His Word, the Bible, brings a transcend-
  ent standard to man the choice-maker. Other philo-
  sophies and religions are man-made, humanism, and 
  thereby lack what only the Bible has:

  1.Transcendent Criteria and 
  2.Fulfilled Prophetic Validation.

  The vision of faith in God and His Word is survival 
  equipment for today and the future. Only the Creator,
  who made us in His own image, is qualified to define
  us accurately.

  Human is earth&#039;s Choicemaker. Psalm 25:12 He is by 
  nature and nature&#039;s God a creature of Choice - and of 
  Criteria. Psalm 119:30,173 His unique and definitive 
  characteristic is, and of Right ought to be, the natural 
  foundation of his environments, institutions, and re-
  spectful relations to his fellow-man. Thus, he is orien-
  ted to a Freedom whose roots are in the Order of the 
  universe.

  That human institution which is structured on the principle, &quot;...all 
  men are endowed by their Creator with ...Liberty...,&quot; is a system 
  with its roots in the natural Order of the universe. The opponents 
  of such a system are necessarily engaged in a losing contest 
  with nature and nature&#039;s God. Biblical principles are still today 
  the foundation under Western Civilization and the American
  way of life. To the advent of a new season we commend the
  present generation and the &quot;multitudes in the valley of decision.&quot;

  Let us proclaim it. Behold!
  The Season of Generation-Choicemaker Joel 3:14 KJV








]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>  The  way we define &#8216;human&#8217; determines our view of self,<br />
  others, relationships, institutions, life, and future. Many<br />
  problems in human experience are the result of false<br />
  and inaccurate definitions of humankind premised<br />
  in man-made religions and humanistic philosophies.</p>
<p>  Human knowledge is a fraction of the whole universe.<br />
  The balance is a vast void of human ignorance. Human<br />
  reason cannot fully function in such a void; thus, the<br />
  intellect can rise no higher than the criteria by which it<br />
  perceives and measures values.</p>
<p>  Humanism makes man his own standard of measure.<br />
  However, as with all measuring systems, a standard<br />
  must be greater than the value measured. Based on<br />
  preponderant ignorance and an egocentric carnal<br />
  nature, humanism demotes reason to the simpleton<br />
  task of excuse-making in behalf of the rule of appe-<br />
  tites, desires, feelings, emotions, and glands.</p>
<p>  Because man, hobbled in an ego-centric predicament,<br />
  cannot invent criteria greater than himself, the humanist<br />
  lacks a predictive capability. Without instinct or trans-<br />
  cendent criteria, humanism cannot evaluate options with<br />
  foresight and vision for progression and survival. Lack-<br />
  ing foresight, man is blind to potential consequence and<br />
  is unwittingly committed to mediocrity, collectivism,<br />
  averages, and regression &#8211; and worse. Humanism is an<br />
  unworthy worship.</p>
<p>  The void of human ignorance can easily be filled with<br />
  a functional faith while not-so-patiently awaiting the<br />
  foot-dragging growth of human knowledge and behav-<br />
  ior. Faith, initiated by the Creator and revealed and<br />
  validated in His Word, the Bible, brings a transcend-<br />
  ent standard to man the choice-maker. Other philo-<br />
  sophies and religions are man-made, humanism, and<br />
  thereby lack what only the Bible has:</p>
<p>  1.Transcendent Criteria and<br />
  2.Fulfilled Prophetic Validation.</p>
<p>  The vision of faith in God and His Word is survival<br />
  equipment for today and the future. Only the Creator,<br />
  who made us in His own image, is qualified to define<br />
  us accurately.</p>
<p>  Human is earth&#8217;s Choicemaker. Psalm 25:12 He is by<br />
  nature and nature&#8217;s God a creature of Choice &#8211; and of<br />
  Criteria. Psalm 119:30,173 His unique and definitive<br />
  characteristic is, and of Right ought to be, the natural<br />
  foundation of his environments, institutions, and re-<br />
  spectful relations to his fellow-man. Thus, he is orien-<br />
  ted to a Freedom whose roots are in the Order of the<br />
  universe.</p>
<p>  That human institution which is structured on the principle, &#8220;&#8230;all<br />
  men are endowed by their Creator with &#8230;Liberty&#8230;,&#8221; is a system<br />
  with its roots in the natural Order of the universe. The opponents<br />
  of such a system are necessarily engaged in a losing contest<br />
  with nature and nature&#8217;s God. Biblical principles are still today<br />
  the foundation under Western Civilization and the American<br />
  way of life. To the advent of a new season we commend the<br />
  present generation and the &#8220;multitudes in the valley of decision.&#8221;</p>
<p>  Let us proclaim it. Behold!<br />
  The Season of Generation-Choicemaker Joel 3:14 KJV</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Jim Baxter</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134767</link>
		<dc:creator>Jim Baxter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jan 2008 18:25:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134767</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Neither Cicero nor any of the other Roman or Greek philosophers ever saw their ideas become fruitful in the own culture or society. Sad to say, both countries remained more than 90% slave throughout their entire histories.

It remained for Judeo-Christian principles to birth individual value and Rights, the democratic process, separation of powers, and Constitutional law, to make possible the createst nation in human history, The United States of America, and thereby validate the early-on but limited rhetoric.

Salute Honorable Cicero!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Neither Cicero nor any of the other Roman or Greek philosophers ever saw their ideas become fruitful in the own culture or society. Sad to say, both countries remained more than 90% slave throughout their entire histories.</p>
<p>It remained for Judeo-Christian principles to birth individual value and Rights, the democratic process, separation of powers, and Constitutional law, to make possible the createst nation in human history, The United States of America, and thereby validate the early-on but limited rhetoric.</p>
<p>Salute Honorable Cicero!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Manuel</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134731</link>
		<dc:creator>Manuel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Jan 2008 08:41:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134731</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Also read Ronald Syme&#039;s book &quot;The Roman Revolution&quot; which chronicles the conversion from Republic to Empire. He is not so friendly to Cicero. While he died standing up to a corrupt man Antony, he was implicitly supporting the first emperor (ie, sole ruler) Augustus. His value indeed lies greatest as a transmitter.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Also read Ronald Syme&#8217;s book &#8220;The Roman Revolution&#8221; which chronicles the conversion from Republic to Empire. He is not so friendly to Cicero. While he died standing up to a corrupt man Antony, he was implicitly supporting the first emperor (ie, sole ruler) Augustus. His value indeed lies greatest as a transmitter.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Inquisitor</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134721</link>
		<dc:creator>Inquisitor</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Jan 2008 02:29:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134721</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sort of like Rand, then? She too was a system builder.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sort of like Rand, then? She too was a system builder.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mark Sunwall</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134715</link>
		<dc:creator>Mark Sunwall</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 23:08:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134715</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cicero&#039;s value is mainly as a transmitter.  There were more courageous republicans, more deep thinking philosophers, more careful historians.  But his legal skills gave him an eye for the essentials, and in the process by which the literature of antiquity was sifted it was his works which transmitted more classical culture to Western Europe than any other...at least if we exclude post-classical Christians such as Augustine and Boethius.  His &quot;De Officiis&quot; alone survives in more medeval manuscripts than any other secular Latin work.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cicero&#8217;s value is mainly as a transmitter.  There were more courageous republicans, more deep thinking philosophers, more careful historians.  But his legal skills gave him an eye for the essentials, and in the process by which the literature of antiquity was sifted it was his works which transmitted more classical culture to Western Europe than any other&#8230;at least if we exclude post-classical Christians such as Augustine and Boethius.  His &#8220;De Officiis&#8221; alone survives in more medeval manuscripts than any other secular Latin work.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Tim</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134592</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2008 17:50:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134592</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The following extract may be of interest to those who enjoyed the blog post.

It&#039;s from (journalist) H. J. Haskell&#039;s book &quot;The New Deal in Old Rome : How Government in the Ancient World Tried to Deal with Modern Problems&quot;. (1936?). The entire book is available online care of the mises.org website. 

&quot;Another shining example of Roman practicality was the development of law. By the middle of the third century before Christ, traders were putting in at Roman ports. Friction arose from the lack of understanding by foreign merchants of the Roman law of contracts. So Rome set up a special court for foreigners in which the practices of other nations were recognized. For the first time the Roman Republic realized that its procedure failed to take into account some of the wider interests of commerce. This was a jolt to local complacency. But under its stimulus the Roman courts directed their efforts to searching out general rules of equity on which decisions might be based. They became convinced that there was a &quot;natural law&quot; whose principles might everywhere be applied.&quot;

&quot;It was not until two centuries later that Cicero formulated the Roman practice in words that have had a far-reaching influence upon European history. &quot; True law,&quot; he wrote, &quot; is right reason consonant with nature, world-wide in scope, unchanging and everlasting.. . . We may not oppose or alter that law, we cannot abolish it, we cannot be freed from its obligations by any legislature, and we need not look outside ourselves for an expounder of it. This law does not differ for Rome and for Athens, for the present and for the future, but one eternal and unchanging law will be valid for all nations and all times. . . . He who disobeys it denies himself and his own nature.&quot;

&quot;Here was laid down the principle of natural rights, so familiar in the eighteenth century, to which Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence. In practice, the principle has proved its value through all the long struggle for human freedom. This paragraph from Cicero, Professor Frank says, &quot;has wrought greater progress in jurisprudence for nearly two thousand years than any other statement of the same length/&#039; Without the Roman law the Roman Empire could not have carried on.&quot;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The following extract may be of interest to those who enjoyed the blog post.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s from (journalist) H. J. Haskell&#8217;s book &#8220;The New Deal in Old Rome : How Government in the Ancient World Tried to Deal with Modern Problems&#8221;. (1936?). The entire book is available online care of the mises.org website. </p>
<p>&#8220;Another shining example of Roman practicality was the development of law. By the middle of the third century before Christ, traders were putting in at Roman ports. Friction arose from the lack of understanding by foreign merchants of the Roman law of contracts. So Rome set up a special court for foreigners in which the practices of other nations were recognized. For the first time the Roman Republic realized that its procedure failed to take into account some of the wider interests of commerce. This was a jolt to local complacency. But under its stimulus the Roman courts directed their efforts to searching out general rules of equity on which decisions might be based. They became convinced that there was a &#8220;natural law&#8221; whose principles might everywhere be applied.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;It was not until two centuries later that Cicero formulated the Roman practice in words that have had a far-reaching influence upon European history. &#8221; True law,&#8221; he wrote, &#8221; is right reason consonant with nature, world-wide in scope, unchanging and everlasting.. . . We may not oppose or alter that law, we cannot abolish it, we cannot be freed from its obligations by any legislature, and we need not look outside ourselves for an expounder of it. This law does not differ for Rome and for Athens, for the present and for the future, but one eternal and unchanging law will be valid for all nations and all times. . . . He who disobeys it denies himself and his own nature.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Here was laid down the principle of natural rights, so familiar in the eighteenth century, to which Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence. In practice, the principle has proved its value through all the long struggle for human freedom. This paragraph from Cicero, Professor Frank says, &#8220;has wrought greater progress in jurisprudence for nearly two thousand years than any other statement of the same length/&#8217; Without the Roman law the Roman Empire could not have carried on.&#8221;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Martin Timothy</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-134585</link>
		<dc:creator>Martin Timothy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2008 16:20:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-134585</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nowhere does Gary Galles mention Cicero&#039;s towering misdeeds, from his false exposure while Roman Consul of a political rival Catalina, a noble Roman Senator, as a treasonous plotter which cost Catalina his late house guest his life, and the lives of many other of Catalina&#039;s supporters. A crime which was to dog him for the remainder of his life. He was prime mover in the plot that murdered Julius Caesar another of his house guests, who had previously pardoned Cicero for conspiracy in an earlier plot to kill him.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nowhere does Gary Galles mention Cicero&#8217;s towering misdeeds, from his false exposure while Roman Consul of a political rival Catalina, a noble Roman Senator, as a treasonous plotter which cost Catalina his late house guest his life, and the lives of many other of Catalina&#8217;s supporters. A crime which was to dog him for the remainder of his life. He was prime mover in the plot that murdered Julius Caesar another of his house guests, who had previously pardoned Cicero for conspiracy in an earlier plot to kill him.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Vanmind</title>
		<link>http://archive.mises.org/2917/cicero-on-justice-law-and-liberty/comment-page-1/#comment-10040</link>
		<dc:creator>Vanmind</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Jan 2005 14:24:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.mises.org/archives/002917.asp#comment-10040</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This also demonstrates how far &quot;modern&quot; American governance has retreated from the principles of Cicero and the founding fathers.

The time has come for a true statesperson to pull a Cincinnatus on those a-holes around the beltway...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This also demonstrates how far &#8220;modern&#8221; American governance has retreated from the principles of Cicero and the founding fathers.</p>
<p>The time has come for a true statesperson to pull a Cincinnatus on those a-holes around the beltway&#8230;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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